PSGA1012 Personality and Intelligence Assignment | University of Nottingham Malaysia

PSGA1012 Humanistic Theory

Overview

• Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
• Self-esteem
• Self-determination theory
• Roger’s ideas on actualization

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What will you learn?

Learning outcomes

• Define each level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and evaluate its
  relevance in understanding human behaviour.
• Identify the effects of high and low self-esteem and how it shapes an
  individual’s behaviour.
• Examine Roger’s ideas on the self and actualization and outline the
  characteristics of Roger’s fully functioning person

Pre-session task discussion

1) How is the humanistic approach fundamentally different from the
psychoanalytic approach?

2) For each level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, how do individuals
behave when they are not able to satisfy those needs? Can you come
up with examples?

3) How might the prolonged effects of high and low self-esteem impact
an individual across their life?

4) In the context of self-determination theory, what are intrinsic and
extrinsic motivations and why is it less fulfilling to pursue extrinsic
motivations?

5) How does incongruence potentially lead to anxiety in our lives?
Imagine a scenario where this is the case.

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

“A musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is to be ultimately at peace with himself.” — Abraham Maslow (1954, Motivation and Personality)

Maslow began as a behaviorist under Thorndike but became dissatisfied with the mechanistic view of human motivation.

Influenced by Gestalt psychology, Goldstein’s self-actualization concept, and
anthropological field studies.

He turned to studying exemplary individuals (Einstein, Eleanor Roosevelt, etc.),
asking what makes them “fully human.”

Instead of studying pathology (like Freud), he studied psychological health.

Presentation

In the wake of a devastating zombie apocalypse, your group finds

itself among the survivors charged with the monumental task of
rebuilding society from the ground up.

Using Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, outline your strategic
decisions and plans to survive and thrive in this new world. You will
have to create slides to present your ideas to other groups of
survivors, showcasing why your group is best positioned to lead
humanity’s resurgence. Be sure to highlight the rationale behind
each decision, demonstrating how your approach addresses each
level of the hierarchy.

Roger’s Fully Functioning Persons

“The organism has one basic tendency and striving—to actualize, maintain,
and enhance the experiencing organism.” — Carl Rogers (1951, Client‐Centered Therapy)

Rogers began as a clinical psychologist influenced by psychoanalytic
training, but found its directive approach conflicted with his clinical
experiences.

Through thousands of therapy sessions, he noticed that when clients felt
accepted and understood, they naturally grew toward greater psychological
health.

This empirical observation became the basis for his Person-Centered
Therapy and the concept of the fully functioning person.

Roger’s Fully Functioning Persons

Discussion

In groups, discuss each characteristic of Roger’s fully functioning persons. Reflect on each aspect and discuss how individuals can take steps to achieve these characteristics throughout their lifetime.

Post session tasks

• Read the journal article posted on Moodle, on a case study of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in motivating employees.

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